UNDERSTANDING THE ROOTS OF RAGE IN ADOLESCENT VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA

Abstract

Adolescence is a critical developmental stage marked by significant physical, emotional, and social changes, often
accompanied by the emergence of violent and aggressive behaviors. This article examines the complex nature of
adolescent violence and aggression, focusing on its causes, manifestations, and potential interventions. The discussion
is grounded in theoretical frameworks such as social learning theory, cognitive-behavioural perspectives, and the
biopsychosocial model, which highlight the interplay of biological, psychological, and environmental factors in shaping
these behaviors. In the Nigerian context, socio-economic challenges such as poverty, unemployment, and limited access
to education significantly contribute to the prevalence of adolescent violence. Adolescents from low-income families
often face feelings of marginalization and hopelessness, leading them to adopt aggressive behaviors as a coping
mechanism or means of asserting control. Cultural factors, including traditional gender roles that encourage boys to
display dominance and aggression, further exacerbate the issue. Additionally, the widespread acceptance of corporal
punishment in homes and schools teaches adolescents that violence is an acceptable way to resolve conflicts,
perpetuating a cycle of aggression. Psychological factors also play a critical role in adolescent violence. Exposure to
violence at home or in the community increases the likelihood of aggressive behaviors, as adolescents internalize these
actions as normal or necessary for survival. Mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress
disorder (PTSD) are prevalent among adolescents who engage in violent behaviors, yet access to mental health services
remains limited in Nigeria. The consequences of adolescent violence are far-reaching, affecting not only the individuals
involved but also their families, schools, and communities. Adolescents who engage in violent behaviours are at risk of
academic underachievement, substance abuse, and long-term mental health challenges, while communities experience
increased crime rates and social instability. To address these issues, a multi-faceted approach is essential. School-based
interventions that teach conflict resolution and emotional regulation skills, community programs that provide safe
recreational spaces, and socio-economic reforms aimed at reducing poverty and improving access to education are
critical. By addressing the root causes of adolescent violence and promoting positive youth development, it is possible
to create safer and more supportive environments for adolescents, ultimately fostering healthier communities.